Almost 30 years ago, a dentist did a root canal on my right canine tooth. Although the tooth does not bother me, my dentist suggested placing a crown to prevent it from breaking. She said that if the tooth breaks while preparing it for the crown, I might lose it and need a dental implant. Should I be concerned about the tooth breaking? – Thanks. Jayson
Jayson,
We understand your concerns about getting dental work on a tooth that can risk its integrity.
Does a Root Canal Tooth Require a Crown?
Some dentists prefer to place a crown over every root canal tooth. However, whether a crown is necessary depends on the tooth’s condition and location. Some teeth are more susceptible to breaking.
- Tooth condition – If a tooth is already fractured or its healthy structure is missing, your dentist may recommend protecting it with a crown.
- Tooth location – Molar, premolar, and front teeth have different functions that naturally exert force and stress on teeth.
- Molar teeth – Molar teeth chew and grind food, and the force causes stress that healthy teeth can handle. But the stress can push the four cusps, or peaks on the tooth, apart and lead to fracture. Premolars have similar risks.
- Front teeth – Horizontal stresses affect the front teeth we use for biting. Front teeth absorb some of the stress for molar teeth. Canine teeth have long roots to help them absorb horizontal stress. When your teeth grind from side to side, the canine teeth force the back teeth apart to relieve horizontal stress. Other front teeth absorb stress when you slide your lower jaw forward.
How to Protect a Root Canal Tooth from Fracture
Protecting a root canal tooth from fracture depends on whether a front or back tooth is affected.
- Back tooth – A crown or an onlay covers the chewing surface to help the tooth absorb stress and prevent it from splitting.
- Front tooth – Although the traditional method is to place a crown over a front tooth, a crown can weaken the tooth. The neck of the tooth (near the gumline) is the weakest portion of the tooth. A porcelain crown requires your dentist to shave about one millimeter from every side of the tooth. Up to 30% of the tooth may be lost, and root canal treatment removes the tooth pulp. About 50% of the tooth’s original fracture resistance remains.
Many advanced cosmetic dentists avoid using a crown on front teeth unless they have a preexisting fracture, little remaining structure, or are dark in color, which can further weaken the tooth.
Fiberglass post
After root canal treatment, some advanced cosmetic dentists use a method like this to strengthen a front tooth against fracture and prevent the need for extraction and a dental implant:
- Clean out the root canal filler material
- Insert a white, flexible fiberglass post deep inside the tooth to strengthen it
- Fill missing tooth structure with strong composite material
The post reduces the risk of horizontal fracture and prevents the need for a crown. If root canal treatment causes the tooth to darken over time, a dentist can use a porcelain veneer to conceal the discoloration.
Ask your dentist if your X-ray shows your tooth is weakening and requires a crown. You can also schedule a second-opinion appointment with an advanced cosmetic dentist to determine if your tooth is at risk of fracture.
David Finley, DDS, a Monroe, Louisiana, accredited cosmetic dentist and Academy of General Dentistry Fellow, sponsors this post. Read about what Dr. Finley and his team do to provide some of the best dental care in Monroe.