In a 2019 study published in Science, researchers examined Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis), a key player in the development of chronic periodontitis. This anaerobic bacterium thrives in areas where oxygen is scarce, such as the deep pockets that form in the gums when plaque is not thoroughly removed. P. gingivalis produces toxins, called gingipains, that contribute to the destruction of the bone and tissues around teeth. While other bacteria can cause periodontitis, P. gingivalis plays a central and significant role in most cases.
Does Plaque Cause Alzheimer’s?
An illustration of how amyloid plaques can impair brain function
The Porphyromonas gingivalis study also found P. gingivalis and its gingipain toxins in the brains of Alzheimer’s patients. The gingipains were shown to have neurotoxic effects, contributing to amyloid plaque buildup in the brain. These plaques block nerve transmission and are a hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease.
Mice Experiments Support the Periodontal Disease and Alzheimer’s Connection
In follow-up experiments with mice, researchers infected their gums with P. gingivalis. This resulted in the bacteria colonizing the brain and producing Aβ1–42, a peptide involved in the formation of amyloid plaques. This further supports the theory that gum disease may play a role in Alzheimer’s development.
Additional Findings from a 2024 Study
In 2024, a cohort analysis using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) investigated the connection between periodontal disease and Alzheimer’s. The study found that periodontal disease markers, like gum bleeding and attachment loss, were linked to cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s.
The study revealed:
- Periodontal inflammation was strongly associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer’s, especially in men and those over 65.
- Certain demographics may be more susceptible to the cognitive effects of gum disease.
More Is Research Needed
Although studies have shown a correlation between gum disease and Alzheimer’s disease, further research is needed to fully understand the relationship. Nevertheless, these findings highlight the importance of preventing and treating gum disease to help maintain overall health.
The Monroe, Louisiana, dentists at Bayou Dental Group sponsor this post. Please read how Dr. Finley and his team strive to offer some of the best dental care in Monroe.
